Lithium battery Microstructure Lithium batteries FeWO 4 Electrode Electrochemical electrodes Supercapacitors Energy storage Magnetron sputtering CO2 electrolysis Failure mechanism Ionic liquid electrolytes Anodes Electrical conductivity Electrolyte Graphene Electrode material Activated carbon Manganese dioxide EIS Silicon Photovoltaics Batteries - Li-ion XPS Micro-supercapacitors MAS NMR Perovskite CVD Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Lithium ion batteries Li-ion battery Micro-supercapacitor Ionogel GGA+U Lithium-ion battery Fe Grafting Cyclic voltammetry MnO2 Electrodes Nickel oxide FIB/SEM Electrochemical Capacitor SOFC Microbatteries Anode Microdevice Ionic conductivity Lithium ion battery Exsolution Pseudocapacitance Impedance spectroscopy Graphite Ionogels Electrochemical capacitors DFT calculations Binder Titanium nitride Intercalation DFT Vanadium nitride Aqueous electrolyte Diazonium salts Batteries Transition metals Chemical vapor deposition Organic battery Diazonium chemistry Electrochemical performance LiFePO4 Current collector Coating Lithium-ion batteries Sputtering NMR Li-ion batteries Electrochemical capacitor Cycle performance Fuel cell Electrochemistry MXenes Degradation Organic electrode materials Diazonium Electrolytes Interface Mercury MXene Ionic liquid Supercapacitor Crystal structure Positive electrode Operando Negative electrode Capacitance Organic batteries Fermi contact Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy Thin films Cycling stability